Tracheostomy

Tracheostomy

Definition

Tracheostomy is a surgical procedure that involves creating an opening in the trachea (windpipe) through the neck to allow direct access for breathing. It is performed when normal breathing is obstructed or long-term airway support is required.

Purpose of Tracheostomy

  • To bypass upper airway obstructions and restore normal breathing

  • To provide long-term ventilation support in critical care patients

  • To assist in clearing secretions from the airway

  • To improve oxygen delivery and reduce respiratory distress

Types and Methods of Tracheostomy

Emergency Tracheostomy

  • Performed quickly in life-threatening airway obstruction cases

  • Provides immediate airway access

Elective (Planned) Tracheostomy

  • Carried out for patients requiring long-term ventilation support

  • Done under controlled, sterile conditions

Techniques

  • Surgical Tracheostomy: Traditional open procedure under anesthesia

  • Percutaneous Tracheostomy: Minimally invasive, often performed in ICU settings

Post-Procedure Care

  • Regular cleaning and dressing of the tracheostomy site

  • Suctioning to clear mucus and secretions

  • Humidified air or oxygen supply to prevent dryness

  • Training patients and caregivers in tracheostomy tube care

  • Monitoring for infection, bleeding, or blockage

Benefits of Tracheostomy

  • Restores effective breathing in obstructed airways

  • Provides safer long-term ventilation compared to endotracheal tubes

  • Improves patient comfort during prolonged ventilation

  • Enables better airway clearance and secretion management

  • Enhances quality of life in chronic respiratory conditions

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